We estimate Eq. (1) by replacing Dij (Bij) with three different sets of dowry and bride price paid to others (i.e., \( \overlinej>> \) and \( \overlinej>> \) , \( \overline> \) and \( \overline> \) , or the community-based dowry and bride price), and three sets of reduced-form estimation results are presented in Table 4. Each panel presents estimation results of a reduced-form regression with a different set of dowry and bride price paid to others. To be comparable with Panel A, the OLS estimation results with women who have at least one brother and one sister are presented in Appendix Table 8. The reduced-form estimation results support the main OLS estimation results shown in Table 2. That is, women enjoy higher status in the ily that tends to exchange higher dowries and when they come from a higher-dowry village, whereas a larger bride price is negatively associated with these same traits. Here, the amount of bride price paid to the wife’s sisters by their in-laws is significantly negatively associated with the wife’s autonomy. The third set, i.e., the community-based dowry and bride price, does not show any significant association with women’s status. This is likely because relatively weaker association between the community-based dowry (bride price) and the personal dowry (bride price) that the bride receives from her parents (in-laws) than other two sets. The estimates for other coefficients are not inconsistent with those shown in Table 2 and are available upon request.
Table 4 Connection ranging from dowry/fiance price (paid down because of the when you look at the-rules off siblings, someone else about village and you will neighborhood) and wife’s status on marital house (OLS)
4.step three Dialogue and robustness inspections
When you look at the choosing this new women’s position in the marital domestic, the end result of your internet dowry (dowry minus bride speed) can get amount. Observe that the level of deferred mehr is roofed individually out of the web based dowry while the former is not paid off until divorce or separation takes place and cannot qualify assets lead on the marriage. The outcomes recommend that the fresh property delivered for the ount) boost their unique decision-and work out power and you may flexibility. These self-confident connectivity aren’t shocking due to the fact the fresh new connections of fiance speed paid off during the time of relationship work with avoid so you can that from dowry however estimations.
Maybe, a greater decades otherwise studies variation you’ll weaken brand new wife’s updates about marital household. Together with years change in addition to degree variation (replacement the brand new partner’s age and you can degree) will not impact the chief effects, and coefficients ones parameters commonly significant (Appendix Desk nine, Panel B).
The newest estimation techniques was constant from the replacement dowry and you may bride to be speed with internet dowry (Appendix Desk 9, Panel A)
One you are going to argue that exactly how many many years just like the wedding is important since the effect away from dowry (or bride-to-be price) could be greater following matrimony. And years once the ount out of dowry (substitution woman’s ages at wedding) magnifies the beds base effectation of dowry when you look at the ladies’ independency however, minimizes the magnitude additionally the value height in ladies decision-making (Appendix Desk nine, Panel C). This means that a much bigger dowry escalates the wife’s independency during the the new marital household just after wedding; however, the new relationship isn’t notably impacted by this new passage of years given that marriage.
No measure of gender ideology is roofed however quote on account of endogeneity issues. One you’ll argue that inclusion of these actions get weaken brand new connection between dowry and ladies’ status regarding marital family. Although we don’t refute the chance that preferences and you will ideological thinking towards gender relationships commonly intrinsic and alter along side marital lifestyle, the new estimation procedure is actually frequent from the along with one or two strategies having young buck preference: the original varying translates to you to if the wife’s top amount of sons is actually greater than that daughters as well as the next equals one in the event that spouse would like to offer degree to help you sons as opposed to to daughters. Dealing with https://brightwomen.net/tr/kazakistan-kadin/ getting gender ideology doesn’t considerably affect the fundamental quote overall performance (Appendix Desk 9, Committee D). Remarkably, women’s decision making was definitely with the young man preference. Yet not, it’s adversely with the preference to own delivering higher education to help you sons than daughters. A possible interpretation is that extremely experienced women could be against gender inequality inside training and be a whole lot more motivated from the relationship house however, like that have a lot more sons than simply daughters. So it seems in keeping with particular existing education proving one young man taste is far more commonplace certainly highly educated women rather than ignorant women for the Southern Asia (Das Gupta 1987; Muhuri and Preston 1991).